Stainless steel, austenitic, AISI 304, 1/2 hard datasheet
Source: MaterialUniverse data module from Granta Design. An example metal datasheet is provided here.
Composition
Compositional summary: Fe66-74 / Cr18-20 / Ni8-11 (impurities: Mn<2, Si<1, C<0.08, P<0.045, S<0.03)Price
| Metric | US Customary | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Price | 3.59 - 3.92* | USD/kg | 1.63 - 1.78* | USD/lb |
Physical properties
| Metric | US Customary | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Density | 7850 - 8060 | kg/m3 | 0.284 - 0.291 | lb/in3 |
Mechanical properties
| Metric | US Customary | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Young’s Modulus | 190 - 203 | GPa | 27.6 - 29.4 | 106 psi |
| Yield strength | 690 - 800 | MPa | 100 - 116 | ksi |
| Tensile strength | 1030 - 2240 | MPa | 149 - 325 | ksi |
| Elongation | 5 - 20* | % strain | 5 - 20* | % strain |
| Compressive strength | 690 - 800* | MPa | 100 - 116* | ksi |
| Flexural modulus | 190 - 203* | GPa | 27.6 - 29.4* | 106 psi |
| Flexural strength (modulus of rupture) | 690 - 800 | MPa | 100 - 116 | ksi |
| Shear modulus | 74 - 81 | GPa | 10.7 - 11.7 | 106 psi |
| Poisson’s ratio | 0.265 - 0.275 | 0.265 - 0.275 | ||
| Hardness - Vickers | 350 - 570* | HV | 350 - 570* | HV |
| Hardness - Rockwell B | 109 - 120* | 109 - 120* | ||
| Hardness - Rockwell C | 36 - 54* | 36 - 54* | ||
| Hardness - Brinell | 336 - 543* | HB | 336 - 543* | HB |
| Fatigue strength at 107 cycles | 436 - 753* | MPa | 63.2 - 109* | ksi |
| Mechanical loss coefficient (tan delta) | 3.1e-4 - 5e-4* | 3.1e-4 - 5e-4* | ||
Impact & fracture properties
| Metric | US Customary | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fracture toughness | 79 - 209* | MPa.m½ | 71.9 - 190* | ksi.in½ |
| Ductility index | 0.169 - 0.207 | 0.169 - 0.207 | ||
Thermal properties
| Metric | US Customary | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Melting point | 1400 - 1450 | °C | 2550 - 2640 | °F |
| Maximum service temperature | 750 - 925 | °C | 1380 - 1700 | °F |
| Minimum service temperature | -200* | °C | -328* | °F |
| Thermal conductivity | 14 - 17 | W/m.°C | 8.09 - 9.82 | BTU.ft/hr.ft2.°F |
| Specific heat capacity | 490 - 530 | J/kg.°C | 0.117 - 0.127 | BTU/lb.°F |
| Thermal expansion coefficient | 16 - 18 | µstrain/°C | 8.89 - 10 | µstrain/°F |
| Latent heat of fusion | 260 - 285* | kJ/kg | 112 - 123* | BTU/lb |
Electrical properties
| Metric | US Customary | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Electrical resistivity | 65 - 77 | µohm.cm | 25.6 - 30.3 | µohm.in |
| Galvanic potential | -0.15 - -0.07 | V | -0.15 - -0.07 | V |
Magnetic properties
| Magnetic type | Non-magnetic |
Bio-data
| RoHS (EU) compliant grades? | Yes |
| Food contact | Yes |
| Medical grades? (USP Class VI, ISO 10993) | Yes |
| Medical applications | General devices: surgical instruments; non cutting instruments (e.g. forceps and retractors) |
| Sterilizability (ethylene oxide) | Excellent |
| Sterilizability (radiation) | Excellent |
| Sterilizability (steam autoclave) | Excellent |
| Radiopacity, predicted 20keV | 7.12 |
| Radiopacity, predicted 80keV | 1.05 |
| Radiopacity, predicted 150keV | 1.02 |
Processing properties
| Metal casting | Unsuitable |
| Metal cold forming | Excellent |
| Metal hot forming | Acceptable |
| Metal deep drawing | Excellent |
| Carbon equivalency | 0.733 - 1.03 |
Durability
| Water (fresh) | Excellent |
| Water (salt) | Excellent |
| Weak acids | Excellent |
| Strong acids | Acceptable |
| Weak alkalis | Excellent |
| Strong alkalis | Excellent |
| Organic solvents | Excellent |
| Oxidation at 500 °C | Excellent |
| UV radiation (sunlight) | Excellent |
| Galling resistance (adhesive wear) | Limited use |
| Flammability | Non-flammable |
Primary production energy, CO2 and water
| Metric | US Customary | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Embodied energy, primary production | 63.5 - 70 | MJ/kg | 27300 - 30100 | BTU/lb |
| CO2 footprint, primary production | 4.31 - 4.76 | kg/kg | 4.31 - 4.76 | lb/lb |
| NOx creation | 29.3 - 32.4* | g/kg | 0.0293 - 0.0324* | lb/lb |
| SOx creation | 50.1 - 55.4* | g/kg | 0.0501 - 0.0554* | lb/lb |
| Water usage | 138 - 153* | l/kg | 3820 - 4240* | in3/lb |
Processing energy, CO2 footprint & water
| Metric | US Customary | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rough rolling, forging energy | 6.2 - 6.85* | MJ/kg | 2670 - 2950* | BTU/lb |
| Rough rolling, forging CO2 | 0.465 - 0.514* | kg/kg | 0.465 - 0.514* | lb/lb |
| Rough rolling, forging water | 4.20 - 6.30* | l/kg | 116 - 174* | in3/lb |
| Extrusion, foil rolling energy | 12.1 - 13.4* | MJ/kg | 5210 - 5760* | BTU/lb |
| Extrusion, foil rolling CO2 | 0.909 - 1* | kg/kg | 0.909 - 1* | lb/lb |
| Extrusion, foil rolling water | 6.73 - 10.10* | l/kg | 186 - 279.6* | in3/lb |
| Wire drawing energy | 44.7 - 49.4* | MJ/kg | 19200 - 21200* | BTU/lb |
| Wire drawing CO2 | 3.35 - 3.7* | kg/kg | 3.35 - 3.7* | lb/lb |
| Wire drawing water | 16.8 - 25.2* | l/kg | 466 - 699* | in3/lb |
| Metal powder forming energy | 37.8 - 41.7* | MJ/kg | 16300 - 17900 | BTU/lb |
| Metal powder forming CO2 | 3.02 - 3.34* | kg/kg | 3.02 - 3.34* | lb/lb |
| Metal powder forming water | 41.2 - 61.8* | l/kg | 1140 - 1710* | in3/lb |
| Vaporization energy | 10900 - 12000* | MJ/kg | 4.67e6 - 5.16e6* | BTU/lb |
| Vaporization CO2 | 815 - 900* | kg/kg | 815 - 900* | lb/lb |
| Vaporization water | 4530 - 6790* | l/kg | 1.25e5 - 1.88e5* | in3/lb |
| Course machining energy (per unit wt removed) | 1.36 - 1.51* | MJ/kg | 586 - 647* | BTU/lb |
| Course machining CO2 (per unit wt removed) | 0.102 - 0.113* | kg/kg | 0.102 - 0.113* | lb/lb |
| Fine machining energy (per unit wt removed) | 9.35 - 10.3* | MJ/kg | 4020 - 4440* | BTU/lb |
| Fine machining CO2 (per unit wt removed) | 0.701 - 0.775* | kg/kg | 0.701 - 0.775* | lb/lb |
| Grinding energy (per unit wt removed) | 18.2 - 20.1* | MJ/kg | 7830 - 8660* | BTU/lb |
| Grinding CO2 (per unit wt removed) | 1.37 - 1.51* | kg/kg | 1.37 - 1.51* | lb/lb |
Recycling and end of life
| Metric | US Customary | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Recycle | Yes | |||
| Embodied energy, recycling | 14.1 - 15.5* | MJ/kg | 6060 - 6660* | BTU/lb |
| CO2 footprint, recycling | 1.1 - 1.22* | kg/kg | 1.1 - 1.22* | lb/lb |
| Recycle fraction in current supply | 35.5 - 39.3 | % | 35.5 - 39.3 | % |
| Downcycle | Yes | |||
| Combust for energy recovery | No | |||
| Landfill | Yes | |||
| Biodegrade | No | |||
Critical materials status
| Abundance risk level | Medium |
| Sourcing and geopolitical risk level | Low |
| Environmental country risk level | Very low |
| Price volatility risk level | Very high |
| Conflict material risk level | None |
Equivalent grades
| Standards with similar compositions | ONORM M3120 X5CrNi18105 (Austria) EN 10088/3(95) 1.4301 (Europe) EN 10088/3(95) X5CrNi18-10 (Europe) BDS 6738(72) 0Ch18N10 (Bulgaria) GB 1220(92) 0Cr18Ni9 (China) GB 1221(92) 0Cr18Ni9 (China) GB 13296(91) 0Cr18Ni9 (China) GB 4232(93) ML0Cr18Ni9 (China) GB 4237(92) 0Cr18Ni9 (China) GB 4238(92) 0Cr18Ni9 (China) GB 4239(91) 0Cr18Ni9 (China) GB 4240(93) 0Cr18Ni9(-L,-Q,-R) (China) CSN 417240 17240 (Czech Republic) SFS 700 X4CrNi189 (Finland) SFS 725(86) X4CrNi189 (Finland) AFNOR NFA35573 Z6CN18.09 (France) AFNOR NFA35574 Z6CN18.09 (France) AFNOR NFA35577 Z6CN18.09 (France) AFNOR NFA36209 Z5CN18.09 (France) AFNOR NFA36607 Z5CN18.09 (France) DIN 17440(96) WNr 1.4301 (Germany) DIN 17441(97) WNr 1.4301 (Germany) DIN EN 10088(95) WNr 1.4301 (Germany) DIN EN 10088(95) X5CrNi18-10 (Germany) MSZ 4360(87) KO33 (Hungary) MSZ 4360(87) X8CrNi1810 (Hungary) MSZ 4398(86) KO33 (Hungary) IS 1570/5(85) X04Cr19Ni9 (India) IS 6527 04Cr18Ni10 (India) IS 6528 04Cr18Ni10 (India) IS 6529 04Cr18Ni10 (India) IS 6603 04Cr18Ni10 (India) IS 6911 04Cr18Ni10 (India) UNI 6901(71) X5CrNi1810 (Italy) UNI 6904(71) X5CrNi1810 (Italy) UNI 7500(75) X5CrNi1810 (Italy) JIS G3214(91) SUSF304 (Japan) JIS G4303(91) SUS304 (Japan) JIS G4303(91) SUS304J3 (Japan) JIS G4304(91) SUS304 (Japan) JIS G4305(91) SUS304 (Japan) JIS G4305(91) SUS304J1 (Japan) JIS G4305(91) SUS304J2 (Japan) JIS G4306 SUS304 (Japan) JIS G4307 SUS304 (Japan) JIS G4308 SUS304J3 (Japan) JIS G4308(98) SUS304 (Japan) JIS G4309 SUS304 (Japan) JIS G4309 SUS304J3 (Japan) JIS G4313(96) SUS304-CSP (Japan) JIS G4315 SUS304 (Japan) JIS G4315 SUS304J3 (Japan) DGN B-218 TP304 (Mexico) DGN B-224 TP304 (Mexico) DGN B-83 304 (Mexico) NMX-B-171(91) MT304 (Mexico) NMX-B-176(91) TP304 (Mexico) NMX-B-186-SCFI(94) TP304 (Mexico) NMX-B-196(68) TP304 (Mexico) NS 14350 14350 (Norway) AS 1449(94) 304 (NSW Australia) AS 2837(86) 304 (NSW Australia) CSA G110.3 304 (ON Canada) CSA G110.6 304 (ON Canada) CSA G110.9 304 (ON Canada) PNH86020 0H18N9 (Poland) STAS 3583(87) 5NiCr180 (Romania) GOST O8Ch18N10 (Russian Federation) GOST 5632(61) 0KH18N10 (Russian Federation) GOST 5632(72) 08Ch18N10 (Russian Federation) UNE 36016(75) F.3504 (Spain) UNE 36016(75) X6CrNi19-10 (Spain) UNE 36016/1(89) E-304 (Spain) UNE 36016/1(89) F.3504 (Spain) UNE 36087(78) F.3541 (Spain) UNE 36087(78) F.3551 (Spain) UNE 36087(78) X5CrNi18-10 (Spain) UNE 36087(78) X5CrNi18-11 (Spain) SS 142332 2332 (Sweden) SS 142333 2333 (Sweden) ISO 4954(93) X5CrNi189E (International) ISO 683-13(74) 11 (International) BS 1449/2(83) 304S15 (United Kingdom) BS 1449/2(83) 304S16 (United Kingdom) BS 1449/2(83) 304S31 (United Kingdom) BS 1501/3(73) 304S15 (United Kingdom) BS 1501/3(73) 304S29 (United Kingdom) BS 1501/3(90) 304S31 (United Kingdom) BS 1501/3(90) 304S51 (United Kingdom) BS 1501/3(90) 304S61 (United Kingdom) BS 1502 304S31 (United Kingdom) BS 1503(89) 304S31 (United Kingdom) BS 1506(90) 304S31 (United Kingdom) BS 1554(90) 304S15 (United Kingdom) BS 1554(90) 304S31 (United Kingdom) BS 3059/2(90) 304S51 (United Kingdom) BS 3605 304S18 (United Kingdom) BS 3605 304S25 (United Kingdom) BS 3605/1(91) 304S31 (United Kingdom) BS 3605/1(91) 304S51 (United Kingdom) BS 3606(78) 304S22 (United Kingdom) BS 3606(78) 304S25 (United Kingdom) BS 3606(92) 304S31 (United Kingdom) BS 970/1(96) 304S15 (United Kingdom) BS 970/1(96) 304S31 (United Kingdom) AMS 5501 (USA) AMS 5513 (USA) AMS 5560H(92) (USA) AMS 5563 (USA) AMS 5564 (USA) AMS 5565 (USA) AMS 5566 (USA) AMS 5567 (USA) AMS 5639 (USA) AMS 5697 (USA) AMS 5857(90) (USA) AMS 5868(93) (USA) AMS 7228 (USA) AMS 7245 (USA) ASME SA182 304 (USA) ASME SA213 304 (USA) ASME SA240 304 (USA) ASME SA249 304 (USA) ASME SA312 304 (USA) ASME SA358 304 (USA) ASME SA376 304 (USA) ASME SA403 304 (USA) ASME SA409 304 (USA) ASME SA430 304 (USA) ASME SA479 304 (USA) ASME SA688 304 (USA) ASTM A167(96) 304 (USA) ASTM A182 304 (USA) ASTM A182/A182M(98) F304 (USA) ASTM A193/A193M(98) 304 (USA) ASTM A193/A193M(98) B8 (USA) ASTM A193/A193M(98) B8A (USA) ASTM A194 304 (USA) ASTM A194/A194M(98) 8 (USA) ASTM A194/A194M(98) 8A (USA) ASTM A213 304 (USA) ASTM A213/A213M(95) TP304 (USA) ASTM A240/A240M(98) S30400 (USA) ASTM A249/249M(96) TP304 (USA) ASTM A269 304 (USA) ASTM A270(95) 304 (USA) ASTM A271(96) 304 (USA) ASTM A276(98) 304 (USA) ASTM A312/A312M(95) 304 (USA) ASTM A313/A313M(95) 304 (USA) ASTM A314 304 (USA) ASTM A320 304 (USA) ASTM A336/A336M(98) F304 (USA) ASTM A358/A358M(95) 304 (USA) ASTM A368(95) 304 (USA) ASTM A376 304 (USA) ASTM A409 304 (USA) ASTM A430 304 (USA) ASTM A473 304 (USA) ASTM A479 304 (USA) ASTM A492 304 (USA) ASTM A493 304 (USA) ASTM A511(96) MT304 (USA) ASTM A554(94) MT304 (USA) ASTM A580/A580M(98) 304 (USA) ASTM A632(90) TP304 (USA) ASTM A666(96) 304 (USA) ASTM A688/A688M(96) TP304 (USA) ASTM A793(96) 304 (USA) ASTM A813/A813M(95) TP304 (USA) ASTM A814/A814M(96) TP304 (USA) ASTM A851(96) TP304 (USA) ASTM A908(95) 304 (USA) ASTM A943/A943M(95) TP304 (USA) ASTM A965/965M(97) F304 (USA) ASTM A988(98) S30400 (USA) MIL-S-23195(A)(65) 304 (USA) MIL-S-23196 304 (USA) MIL-S-27419(USAF)(68) 304 (USA) MIL-S-5059D(90) 304 (USA) MIL-T-8504B(98) 304 (USA) MIL-T-8506A 304 (USA) SAE J405(98) S30400 (USA) SAE J467(68) 304 (USA) AISI 304 (USA) COPANT 513 TP304 (Venezuela) COPANT R195 TP 304 (Venezuela) |
Alternative names
| Alternative names and designations | S30400, ASTM WP304, ASTM TP304, ASTM S30403, ASTM S30400, ASTM MT304, ASTM F304, AMS 5697, AMS 5567, AMS 5566, AMS 5565, AMS 5564, AMS 5563, ~ASTM S30453, X5CrNi18-10, LW20, ~1.4948, ~1.4301, X5CrNi18-9E, X5CrNi18-9, ~X5CrNiN19-9, ~X5CrNiN18-8, SUS304, SUSF304, SUS304-WSB, SUS304-WSA, SUS304TPY, SUS304TPD, SUS304TP, SUS304TKC, SUS304TKA, SUS304TBS, SUS304TB, SUS304FB, SUS304-CSP, SUS304N1-WPB, SUS304N1-WPA, SUS304 TF, SDP4, ~SUS304L, ~SCS13AA-CF, STAINLESS STEEL GRADE 304, Aalco (UK); 304 STAINLESS STEEL, AK Steel (USA); STAINLESS STEEL 304, Vegas Fastener (USA); 304 STAINLESS STEEL, Electronic Alloys (UK); 304L STAINLESS STEEL, Electronic Alloys (UK); STAINLESS STEEL GRADE 304L, Aalco (UK); 304L STAINLESS STEEL, AK Steel (USA) |
Properties marked with * are estimated using Granta proprietary models based on similar materials and property correlations.
